With digital barrier options, no strike is agreed. A predetermined nominal value is paid if the barrier was reached during the term. There are a number of complex digital barrier options instruments based on the concept of barriers.
Knock-out options with premium. This is to knock-out options with an additional agreement: the option expires because the barrier has been reached and a premium is paid as compensation. This option is often considered not as a separate type of barrier options since it can be represented as a linear combination of knock-out and digital barrier option.
Dynamic barriers: The barriers condition is amended to specify the knock-out or knock-in level, that can change in the course of time. For example, it may be agreed that in the first year the underlying is not less than 90 and must not fall below 80 in the second. This is especially advantageous for a long duration since the expected exponential increase in the price may be considered.
Tunnel options provide the broadest possible generalization of the barrier option. The option expires when the price falls below a (possibly dynamic) lower limit or rises above a ceiling. The underlying may therefore only hover in a certain range (just moving inside a tunnel with this instrument, the investor can almost bet on the volatility of the underlying). Fluctuating shares break through one of the Trade Alert Scanner boundaries rather than the values.
Parisian options cams only when the barrier condition is satisfied for a specified period of time, so if, for example in a down-and-in option, the price for a month is less than the Barrier Levels. Depending on whether the length of time must be at or below cumulative piece, one distinguishes between the pure Parisian options and the cumulative Parisian options.
Bearer shares are securities, which carry a fraction of the capital stock in joint stock companies or limited liability on a partnership. They are designed with regard to their applicability in bearer form.
Bearer shares offer individual rights and obligations of shareholders, especially voting rights, dividend claim unless the General Meeting adopted a distribution decision and information rights in the general meeting and Trade Alert Scanner.
The invitation to the Annual General Meeting is passed for bearer shares of the custodians to the shareholders, voting rights can be exercised by submitting the registration and certificate of deposit of the Custodian while the entry in the register of registered shares is required.
A couple of years ago, there was no mechanism to monitor the movements of bearer shares. Enrolled agents sent their set of constituent documents together with the certificate of registration, charter, articles of incorporation and share certificates without verification.
