Underweight leads to a deficient supply the body with protein, fats and carbohydrates as well as vitamins and minerals. The skin and hair changes, the bones decalcify and the muscles disappear. In addition, some institutions will continue their task no longer meet properly because nutrients are missing.
As a further simplification of the waist-to-hip ratio is lately increased the pure waist circumference regardless of body size used as an indicator of obesity. Due to its simplicity, this method is now favored by doctors.
Your shortcoming, however, is that previous studies almost exclusively on the BMI based and examination results can therefore be difficult to compare.
The health assessment of these limits, however, is not uniform in the professional world. Obesity is a risk factor for various diseases (heart attack, stroke, diabetes mellitus). Regular exercise and overeating (especially low in fat and low in carbohydrates) can reduce the body weight.
Recent findings suggest that the above values should be re-evaluated. Thus, a BMI of 25-30 is still healthy because people with mild to moderate overweight live longer on average.
For some diseases could be a higher fat reserves can be beneficial (for example, surgery or serious infection). What is referred to as overweight or pre-obese is statistically the ideal weight as it is the weight with the highest life expectancy, which necessitates Heart Attack Risk Assessments.
For example, according to an Israeli long-term study of 10,000 men aged over 40 years, men are slightly overweight (BMI 25-27) significantly better prospects of longevity than people of normal weight. In severe overweight (BMI > 27), the life expectancy falls again.
Two recent publications (Ingrid Mühlhauser, University of Hamburg and a study from Oxford University) in which a large number of studies and meta-analyzes were compared and evaluated show that a slight overweight for the susceptibility to some diseases of disadvantage, for others an advantage.
It is for example very much depends on where the body fat is stored. Is this in the abdomen (apple-shaped figure), as this increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Fat on butt and thighs (pear-shaped figure) can protect against these diseases and Heart Attack Risk Assessments are important.
However, according to current knowledge, the fat distribution is genetically determined and can not be influenced and the risk of arthritis of the joints of the lower extremities is increased by the weight regardless of the fat distribution. The publications mentioned remained in the professional world and in no way contradicted.
With a high rate of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, anti-inflammatories affect the protection of the gastric mucosa mediated by prostaglandins, so the addition of a proton pump inhibitor and eradication of H. pylori infection is recommended as a whole. use of these medications.
It also alters renal blood flow and glomerular filtration, is associated with decompensation of congestive heart failure, nephrosis, cirrhosis or hypovolemia, leading to water and sodium retention, which leads to peripheral edema and arterial hypertension.
